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Beware Of Space Heaters: They Must Be On A Dedicated Line

It’s that time of year again. The cold air has finally entered the Southeastern, PA region, just in time for Christmas. Some of us are hoping for snow on the big day we gather to celebrate the birth of Christ. Others are envisioning a time when they are sprawled out on the beach again in the blazing sun with a romance novel. Either way, it’s winter-time in Pottstown, PA and many of us are dusting off the space heaters left in storage and plugging them in to keep warm. 

KB Electric LLC received a call today from a customer that needed his burnt outlet replaced. Upon arrival, we found out why the customer’s receptacle was burnt: he had a space heater plugged into it. Space heaters MUST be on a dedicated line to ensure proper safety of the unit and the safety of your home. If you use a space heater or are thinking about buying a space heater for a room in your home, please take the time to read this blog as we go into more depth about space heaters on a dedicated line. Please also refer to one of our previous blogs here to learn more about space heater safety.

What Is a Dedicated Line?

A dedicated line is a line that runs from your main electrical panel on its own circuit breaker to its own dedicated outlet/receptacle. This line/circuit is designated for only ONE appliance.

Why Do Space Heaters Needs To Be On A Dedicated Line?

The reason for a dedicated line is to not overload your electrical system because of its heavy electrical load that it produces. Dedicated lines prevent blown circuits and fuses, tripping breakers, electrical fires, overheating wires, and damage of appliances. Many appliances should have their own dedicated line and circuit breaker with dedicated outlet like refrigerators, microwaves, ranges, freezers, dryers, washing machines, space heaters, heaters, hot tubs, water pumps, sump pumps, A/C units, etc. (ANYTHING THAT DRAWS A LOT OF ELECTRICITY WHEN IN USE)

Your space heater is an “appliance” that needs to be on its own circuit breaker and line with its own outlet/receptacle because it draws a lot of electricity. If the space heater shares a circuit with multiple things in use, it can overheat the wires, cause an electrical fire, damage the space heater, and burn your outlets. IT IS A FIRE HAZARD TO HAVE A SPACE HEATER SHARING A CIRCUIT WITH OTHER APPLIANCES/DEVICES. PLEASE BE AWARE OF THIS WHEN YOU ARE PLUGGING IN YOUR SPACE HEATER.

Burnt Outlet From Space Heater Not On A Dedicated Line

I Need a Dedicated Line For My Space Heater. Who Should I Call?

A licensed and insured electrician should be the only professional to install a dedicated line for your space heater. A dedicated line for any appliance consists of a dedicated outlet, circuit breaker in your main electrical panel, and a dedicated wire/line running from your main panel to the dedicated outlet. An electrician has the hands-on experience to install dedicated lines, as well as the NEC knowledge to install them correctly and safely.

Call KB Electric LLC today if you are in need of a dedicated line for your space heater. We are licensed and insured, family-owned and operated for over 15 years, and all of our technicians are background-checked, uniformed, and perform continuing education classes to be versed in the latest NEC requirements. (267) 467-3178 

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The post Beware Of Space Heaters: They Must Be On A Dedicated Line appeared first on KB Electric LLC.

Opal Isaac

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Tools of the Trade: Milwaukee Electric Tool Corp For The KB Electric Men

This week, I’ve decided to ask the technicians at KB Electric LLC what brand of tools they use on the job and why. And hey, if the company we use reaches out to us and gives us some free products for giving them a shout-out, we are all for it!

But the main reason I’m blogging about them is to keep our customers and potential customers informed about the brand we trust most to get our jobs done right the first time. To my surprise, all of our guys use the Milwaukee brand. So I also decided to do a little bit of research about the Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation to get to know the company behind the brand we use in the field. Let’s get right to it!

bout Milwaukee Electric Tool Corp.

First and foremost, the Milwaukee Electric Tool Corp. is an American-based company since 1924. It all started at the close of World War I when Henry Ford needed a fabricator to create a light-weight power drill. He went to a man by the name of A.H. Petersen who invented the Hole-Shooter. It was the first drill that was light enough to use with one hand, weighing in at only 5 pounds. After a tragic fire destroyed Petersen’s facility, his business partner Albert F. Siebert re-opened it as Milwaukee Electric Tool Corp. after buying the remaining assets at auction. During Milwaukee’s beginning years, they applied Navy standards to all of their portable tools and began manufacturing tools for military and Navy personnel. Milwaukee began producing tools for World War II as well when demand was high.

By 1951, Milwaukee introduced their infamous Sawzall® Reciprocating Saw. This was the first portable hacksaw to have a reciprocating mechanism. Since the unveiling of the Sawzall®, they’ve been revolutionizing the tool industry. In 2008, Milwaukee created Ice Hardened™ technology, a cryogenic hardening process enabling their accessories to last up to 50% longer than the competitors.

Milwaukee has many facilities throughout Wisconsin and Mississippi that manufacture their corded SawZall and blades, LED lights, drills, and a slew of other things 

The tool industry as a whole likes to lean more towards cheaper labor out of America, as with many other industries. That said, most of Milwaukee’s other tools like their cordless power drills and saws are not made here in the US. 

That being said, what I’ve read so far is that Milwaukee is also planning to expand into Cookeville, TN, as well as opening a new facility in West Bend, WI. The West Bend location will be for tools for electricians, plumbing and mechanical trades, and utility linemen. In 2020 alone, they’ve invested over $100 million and created 350 new jobs right here in the US! Hopefully we will see more of this in the years to come.

M12 and M18 Power Tools

Milwaukee is known for their M12 and M18 cordless power tools. In our field of work, the techs at KB use both. Our big drills and saw/cutting tools are the M18s. The M12s work well for our hand drills. 

The main difference between the M12 and M18 tools: power. M12 power tools use 12v, and the M18 use 18v. The M12 power tools are lighter and more portable. M18s are well known for their higher operating power, long run time, and durability. There are over 100 tools in the M12 system, and over 200 tools in the M18 system. 

KB Electric LLC’s Favorite Milwaukee Tool 

All of our technicians say the best Milwaukee tool on the job is the M18 18-Volt Lithium-Ion Cordless Oscillating Multi-Tool pictured below. Our newest man on our team, Mason Kent says it’s because it’s a beast. Our technician Darren says you can cut literally everything with it: cut outs for boxes, making cuts to install recessed lights, etc.

The “Ozzy” as the guys call it, uses an M18 REDLITHIUM battery with a 40% more run time. Milwaukee claims this tool is 50% faster and does twice as many cuts per charge than the competitors. It’s got a built-in LED light, and it’s motor delivers 11,000 OPM to 18,000 OPM. This tool can cut through different types of material from metal to large cuts of hardwoods. It also comes equipped with a 12-setting dial for varying speeds dependent on your specific job.

M18 18-Volt Lithium-Ion Cordless Oscillating Multi-Tool

Why The Men At KB Electric LLC Prefer Milwaukee Over The Other Guys

KB Electric LLC has been in business since 2004. The technicians in the field didn’t always use the Milwaukee brand though. In fact, our technician/installer, Brian Hughes informed me that all of our guys have been using Milwaukee since probably around 2017. Before then, the guys used a variety of brands, mainly Craftsman, Dewalt, and Bosch. When I asked Brian why he preferred Milwaukee, he said:

“Oh man, we started with Craftsman & Dewalt. Batteries died too quick and would literally fall out over time. Bosch impact drill wasn’t too bad. Batteries last longer, drills are more powerful (Milwaukee).  And they replace products no questions asked. They are a Godsend!”

Sources:

Are Milwaukee Tools Made in the USA?

https://www.milwaukeetool.com/Company/Milwaukee-Story

https://www.cableorganizer.com/learning-center/articles/history-of-milwaukee-tools.php

https://www.acmetools.com/blog/milwaukee-m12-and-m18-battery-buying-guide/

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The post Tools of the Trade: Milwaukee Electric Tool Corp For The KB Electric Men appeared first on KB Electric LLC.

Opal Isaac

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2020 NEC Code Change: Surge Protection Now Required

The 2020 NEC (National Electric Code) has made surge protection required for service replacements and upgrades. With a new service, service upgrade, or service replacement, there must now be a type 1 or type 2 surge protector installed. What does this mean for you as a homeowner? Before we discuss this new 2020 NEC code change, let’s first explain what the NEC is, why it’s important for frequent changes, and why surge protection now required in the 2020 NEC is crucial for new service installations.

What is the NEC?

The NEC is the safety standard for electrical equipment and wiring installations for residential, commercial, and industrial properties. The purpose of the NEC is to protect people from electrical hazards, as well as to keep the property safe from things like electrical fires. The NEC is adopted by the NFPA (National Fire Protection Agency), and is revised every three years. 

Why is the NEC revised every three years?

Due to the never-ending technological advancements we experience in our world, it’s important for the NEC to undergo reviews and revisions to keep everyone safe. Certain things may come up that weren’t previously thought of before, requiring the NFPA to improve and change the NEC for the utmost safety of people and their property. 

2020 NEC Code Change: Surge Protection

What is Surge Protection?

We blogged awhile back about what whole house surge protection is, and you can revisit that blog here. To recap, this is protection for your devices, appliances, computers etc. throughout your entire home from surges (an increase of electrical voltage) that can occur outside the home from things like a lightning strike on a utility line, work being done on the utility line, a storm that destroys the power lines, falling trees, etc.

There are two types of surge protectors that keep your house safe from electrical surges. Type 1 refers to a meter base surge protector, and type 2 refers to a panel base surge protector. Either one is required for a new service replacement or upgrade as one of the 2020 NEC code changes. 

Type 1 – Meter Base Surge Protector

We also blogged about type 1 surge protectors, also known as meter base surge protectors. Take a look here. To recap, whole house surge protection type 1 refers to a SPD (surge protective device) that mounts onto the outside meter of your home. This is the first line of defense against surges. It’s a meter-based surge protector that reduces extra voltage (surge) from the power grid, before it reaches your main electrical panel.

Surge Protection: Type 1 Meter Base Surge Protector

Type 2 – Panel Base Surge Protector

A panel base surge protector is a device that is installed on your main electrical panel. This type of device helps protect the surges that can occur within the home, like appliances cycling on and off. 80% of surges occur within the home, while the other 20% occur outside the home (type 1 – meter base device helps with these surges). 

Surge Protection: Type 2 Panel Base Surge Protector

To get complete surge protection coverage, KB Electric LLC recommends getting both type 1 and type 2 installed for your home.

Surge Protection Now Required For Residential Service Upgrades and Replacements 

For the new 2020 NEC code changes, it is required that all residential service upgrades, replacements, and new service installations (new construction of homes) have type 1 or type 2 surge protection installed.

Why Are SPDs (Surge Protective Devices) Required Under 2020 NEC Code?

The main reason for the 2020 NEC code change requiring surge protection for service upgrades and replacements is to protect your home’s appliances and devices. This means that the NEC goes beyond protecting people by also protecting your property. A blown TV, stereo system, computer, etc is very costly, even if it is covered through insurance. Someone is still paying for it!

This also protects the people as well. Here’s how:

If you have temporary power for your home (i.e., a generator), this causes power fluctuation. A home has AFCIs (arc fault circuit interupptors) and GFCIs (ground fault circuit interruptors) to protect people from shock, electrocution, and electrical fires. Homes also have smoke alarms. All three of these are the most commonly blown electronics due to their sensitivity of control boards. You would want these devices protected by a whole house surge protection device, like type 1 and type 2 SPDs to protect you from electrical fires and hazards.

What Does This Mean For Me As A Homeowner?

With a service that doesn’t need to be changed, you don’t have to do anything right now. If you need a service panel replacement or upgrade, then you may need to have a surge protector installed. But…

It all depends on what NEC code your state/municipality has adopted.Since the 2020 NEC JUST came out, it could take a few years or so for an area to use it. For example, according to the NFPA’s website, “As of July 1, 2020, the 2020 NEC is in effect in four states, the 2017 NEC is in effect in 31 states, the 2014 NEC is in effect in 9 states and the 2008 NEC is in effect in three states.”

So, as of now, the state of PA uses the 2014 NEC for home and commercial electrical installations. BUT, this will obviously change in the future, and if you were to sell your home or buy another home, its best to stay up to the current code for safety and compliance.

At KB Electric LLC, our team of qualified electricians would be happy to install surge protection for your home. Don’t let a power surge fry your appliances and devices! Call our family-owned and manager-operated company today! We are your number one electrician serving all of Montgomery County, PA and Southeastern, PA.

Sources:

https://www.nfpa.org/NEC/NEC-adoption-and-use/NEC-adoption-maps

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The post 2020 NEC Code Change: Surge Protection Now Required appeared first on KB Electric LLC.

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Occupancy Sensors: What They Are And Who To Hire For Installation

You’ll most often see occupancy sensors installed in a commercial setting like in an office building. In other instances, a person may use occupancy sensors for personal use for their residential property. Whether for a business or a home, an occupancy sensor installation is best done by a licensed and insured professional like the master electricians at KB Electric LLC. Let’s go over what an occupancy sensor is, why it’s best to hire an electrician, and why you might want this device for your business or home setting.

Occupancy Sensor Installation for Residential Garage Lighting

What Is An Occupancy Sensor?

An occupancy sensor is a device that detects when a person enters a room or area. When a person enters a room, the occupancy sensor will turn lights ON automatically. The lights in a room will then turn OFF when a person has left a room and a preset time has gone by. Occupancy sensors can also control other things besides lighting like heating and cooling systems.

Difference Between An Occupancy Sensor And A “Motion Sensor”

An occupancy sensor is considered a type of a motion sensor, but not the one you might think of that hangs above your garage on your floodlight. Most motion sensors that are on a residential flood light have what is called a photocell, which works at nighttime by detecting the dark. Also, while both an occupancy sensor and a motion sensor detect movement of a person, an occupancy sensor is designed to detect subtle motions of people in a room/area AND when a person is stationary. Motion sensors are thus more sensitive than occupancy sensors to moving objects, picking up on mostly clear walking motions. 

How Do Occupancy Sensors Work?

There are many types of occupancy sensors based on different technologies. All detect movement of a person in a room/area. There are three main types used today:

Passive Infrared (PIR)Ultrasonic SensorsDual Technology (Both PIR and Ultrasonic) 

PIR occupancy sensors use a person’s body temperature to detect when someone is in a room. 

Ultrasonic sensors for an occupancy sensor use sound waves that have a very high frequency. When the sound wave frequency changes by the presence of a person in a room, the lights on this type of occupancy sensor will then turn on.

Dual technology occupancy sensors use both PIR and ultrasonic technology to detect the motion of a person in an area. These devices with both technologies working in conjunction with each other eliminates room for error. Pairing these two technologies creates a seamless way for automatic control for lighting and heating/cooling systems. You want to use these two together in certain environments where people aren’t moving as much, but are still present in the area/room, like a lecture hall.

Best Places To Install An Occupancy Sensor

ClassroomsConference roomsOpen office areas (large space with cubicles)Small office roomsHallwaysWarehousesBathroomsGymsCommercial/Residential GaragesUtility ClosetsCafeterias/Lunchrooms 

Benefits of Occupancy Sensors For Your Business

Save on energy costs for lighting, heating, cooling, or all three.Automatic control option.Never forget to turn off the lights.Helps meet building code requirements. 

Who To Call For Occupancy Sensor Installation

Hire a licensed and insured electrician for occupancy sensor installation. The electricians at KB Electric LLC can help with:

Placement of your occupancy sensors.Wiring of your occupancy sensors.Choosing the right type of occupancy sensor for your specific need.Ensuring smooth installation up to NEC standards. 

KB Electric LLC can install occupancy sensors in and around the Montgomery County, PA area. Our main office is located in Pottstown, PA, but we serve all of the surrounding Southeastern, PA counties of Berks, Bucks, Delaware, and Chester counties. Call us today for a consultation for occupancy sensor installation services for your commercial property or residential property! (267) 467-3178

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4-Prong OutletsAbout KB Electric LLCAttic FansBallast ReplacementBathroom LightingBollard LightsCable Outlet InstallationCarbon Monoxide DetectorsCeiling Fan InstallationChandelier InstallationChristmas Light SafetyCircuit BreakersCommercial Electrical Safety InspectionsCommercial ElectricianCommercial LightingCurrent Events with ElectricityCurrent Events: EnergyDeck LightingDeck Receptacles/OutletsDedicated CircuitsDeicing CablesDimmer SwitchesDisposing Light BulbsDoorbellsDryer Booster FansElectricity and Energy InnovationsElectric Baseboard Heater InstallationElectric Car Charging InstallationElectric Radiant Floor HeatingElectrical InformationElectrical InnovationsElectrical Panel UpgradeElectrical Remodeling ServicesElectrical Safety InspectionsElectrician vs. Electrical InspectorElectricity BillElectromagnetic FieldsEmergency DisconnectsEmergency Lighting and Exit Sign LightingEnergy Saving TipsEthernet Wall JacksEV Charging SafetyExhaust FansFestoon LightingGarage WiringGeneratorsGFCIsHigh Bay LightingHire a Licensed ElectricianHistory of Ceiling FansHistory of the Dimmer SwitchHistory of Electric CarsHome Electric Car Charging InstallationHot Tub WiringHouse RewireIn The NewsIntercom SystemsKitchen LightingKnob & Tube WiringLED Ballast BypassLED Christmas LightsLED Retrofit LightingLEDsLi-Fi TechnologyLight Color TemperatureLightingLightning FactsLow Voltage Landscape LightingMotion SensorsMoonlightingOutlet SafetyOutdoor Ceiling FansOutdoor Home Security Lighting TipsOutdoor Lamp PostsOutdoor LightingOutdoor Outlet CoversOutdoor Receptacles/OutletsOutdoor Shed WiringParking Lot LightingPendant LightingPhotocell SensorsPool WiringPower and Communication PolesProperty Management ElectricianRange HoodsRecessed LightsRecessed OutletsRenewable EnergyRomex WiringRV Home Electrical HookupSafety & PreventionShed WiringSingle Phase to Three PhaseSmall BusinessesSmart Light SwitchesSmart OutletsSmart ThermostatsSmoke DetectorsSolar Powered ElectricitySpace HeatersStorefront LightingSurge ProtectionSwimming Pool Electrical SafetySwimming Pool Area LightingSwimming Pool LightingThanksgiving FunTools of the TradeTrack Lighting InstallationTransformersTunable White LEDsTV Wall Mount InstallationTwist Lock ReceptaclesUnder Cabinet LightingUSB OutletsVideo Doorbells

The post Occupancy Sensors: What They Are And Who To Hire For Installation appeared first on KB Electric LLC.

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A circuit breaker is an equipment which can open or close a circuit under all conditions viz. no load, full load and fault conditions. It is so designed that it can be operated manually (or by remote control) under normal conditions and automatically under fault conditions. For the latter operation, a relay circuit is used with a circuit breaker.

Types of Low Voltage Circuit Breakers

1. Miniature Circuit Breaker

A miniature circuit breaker (MCB) automatically switches off electrical circuit during an abnormal condition of the network means in overload condition as well as faulty condition. Nowadays we use an MCB in low voltage electrical network instead of a fuse. The fuse may not sense it but the miniature circuit breaker does it in a more reliable way. MCB is much more sensitive to over-current than fuse. Handling an MCB is electrically safer than a fuse. Quick restoration of supply is possible in case of a fuse as because fuses must be re-wirable or replaced for restoring the supply. Restoration is easily possible by just switching it ON.

• The working principle of MCB

Whenever continuous over-current flows through MCB, the bimetallic strip is heated and deflects by bending. This deflection of bimetallic strip releases a mechanical latch. As this mechanical latch is attached with the operating mechanism, it causes to open the miniature circuit breaker contacts, and the MCB turns off thereby stopping the current to flow in the circuit. To restart the flow of current the MCB must be manually turned ON. This mechanism protects from the faults arising due to over-current or overload.

But during short circuit condition, the current rises suddenly, causing electromechanical displacement of plunger associated with a tripping coil or solenoid. The plunger strikes the trip lever causing immediate release of latch mechanism consequently open the circuit breaker contacts. This was a simple explanation of a miniature circuit breaker working principle.

An MCB is very simple, easy to use and is not generally repaired. It is just easier to replace. The trip unit is the main part, responsible for its proper working. There are two main types of trip mechanism. A bi-metal provides protection against overload current and an electromagnet provides protection against short-circuit current.

• Advantages of MCBs over Fuse

Easily identify the faulty zone of an electrical circuitSimple to resume supplyBetter interface: KnobElectrically saferMore sensitive to current than the fuseLess maintenance and replacement cost.

• Disadvantages of MCBs

✓ Only disadvantage over fuse is, this device is costly

2. Moulded Case Circuit Breaker

Molded case circuit breakers are a type of electrical protection device that is commonly used when load currents exceed the capabilities of miniature circuit breakers. They are also used in applications of any current rating that require adjustable trip settings, which are not available in plug-in circuit breakers and MCBs.

The traditional molded-case circuit breaker uses electromechanical (thermal magnetic) trip units that may be fixed or interchangeable. An MCCB provides protection by combining a temperature sensitive device with a current sensitive electromagnetic device. Both these devices act mechanically on the trip mechanism.

As with most types of circuit breakers, an MCCB has three main functions:

• Protection against overload – currents above the rated value that last longer than what is normal for the application.

• Against electrical faults – During a fault such as a short circuit or line fault, there are extremely high currents that must be interrupted immediately.

• Switching a circuit on and off – This is a less common function of circuit breakers, but they can be used for that purpose if there isn’t an adequate manual switch.

• Molded Case Circuit Breaker Operating Mechanism

At its core, the protection mechanism employed by MCCBs is based on the same physical principles used by all types of thermal-magnetic circuit breakers.

Overload protection is accomplished by means of a thermal mechanism. MCCBs have a bimetallic contact what expands and contracts in response to changes in temperature. Under normal operating conditions, the contact allows electric current through the MCCB. However, as soon as the current exceeds the adjusted trip value, the contact will start to heat and expand until the circuit is interrupted. The thermal protection against overload is designed with a time delay to allow short duration over-current, which is a normal part of operation for many devices. However, any over-current conditions that last more than what is normally expected represent an overload, and the MCCB is tripped to protect the equipment and personnel.

On the other hand, fault protection is accomplished with electromagnetic induction, and the response is instant. Fault currents should be interrupted immediately, no matter if their duration is short or long. Whenever a fault occurs, the extremely high current induces a magnetic field in a solenoid coil located inside the breaker – this magnetic induction trips a contact and current is interrupted. As a complement to the magnetic protection mechanism, MCCBs have internal arc dissipation measures to facilitate interruption.

As with all types of circuit breakers, the MCCB includes a disconnection switch which is used to trip the breaker manually. It is used whenever the electric supply must be disconnected to carry out field work such as maintenance or equipment upgrades.

• Advantages of MCCBs

Prevents the electrical devices from faulty situation.MCCBs are compact in size and hence saves a wide space in the panel design.It takes less time to reset and to switch on while it trips down during the faults.Its maintenance fee is free and at times costs less.Along with the MCCBs, there are certain accessories which can be fitted and few also act as multi-purpose usage.

3. Residual Current Circuit Breaker

The Residual Current Circuit breaker RCCBs are the safest device to detect and trip against electrical leakage currents, thus ensuring protection against electric shock caused by indirect contacts. These devices must be used in series with an MCB or fuse which protects them from the potentially damaging thermal and dynamic stresses of any over currents. They also act as the main disconnecting switches upstream of any derived MCBs (e.g. domestic consumer unit).

Its working based on Kirchhoff’s Current Law i.e. the incoming current in a circuit must be equal to the outgoing current from that circuit. This circuit breaker is made such that whenever a fault occurs the current balance of line and neutral did not matches (imbalance occurs). Its circuit is made such that every instance it compares the value of incoming and outgoing circuit current. Whenever it is not equal, the residual current which is basically the difference between the two currents actuates the circuit to trip/switch off.

• Working Principle of Residual Current Circuit Breaker

The basic operating principle lies in the Toroidal Transformer shown in the diagram containing three coils. There are two coils say Primary (containing line current) and Secondary (containing neutral current) which produces equal and opposite fluxes if both currents are equal. Whenever in the case there is a fault and both the currents changes, it creates out of balance flux, which in-turn produces the differential current which flows through the third coil (sensing coil shown in the figure) which is connected to relay. The Toroidal transformer, sensing coil and relay together is known as RCD – Residual Current Device.

Test Circuit:

The test circuit is always included with the RCD which basically connects between the line conductor on the load side and the supply neutral. It helps to test the circuit when it is on or off the live supply. Whenever the test button is pushed current starts flowing through the test circuit depending upon the resistance provided in this circuit. This current passes through the RCD line side coil along with load current. But as this circuit bypasses neutral side coil of RCD, there will be an unbalance between the line side and neutral side coil of the device and consequently, the RCCB trips to disconnect the supply even in normal condition. This is how the test circuit tests the reliability of RCCB.

Opal Isaac

countryelectric.biz

Electromechanical induction type Energy meter

An electricity meterelectric meterelectrical meter, or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residence, a business, or an electrically powered device.

It is the popularly known and most common type of age old watt hour meter. It consists of rotating aluminum disc mounted on a spindle between two electro-magnets. Speed of rotation of disc is proportional to the power and this power is integrated by the use of counter mechanism and gear trains in. It comprises of two silicon steel laminated electromagnets i.e., series and shunt magnets.

Series magnet carries a coil which is of few turns of thick wire connected in series with line whereas shunt magnet carries coil with many turns of thin wire connected across the supply.

Breaking magnet is a permanent magnet which applies the force opposite to normal disc rotation to move that disc at balanced position and to stop the disc while power is off.

Working Principle:

The working of single phase induction type energy meters are based on two main fundamentals:

i.  Rotation of aluminum disk.

ii.  Arrangement of counting and displaying the amount of energy consumed.

Rotation of an Aluminum Disk:

The rotation of metallic disk is operated by two coils. Both the coils are arranged in such way that one coil produces a magnetic field in proportion to voltage and the other coil creates a magnetic field proportion to current. The field produced by voltage coil is delayed by 90° so that eddy current is induced in the disk. The force exerted on the disk by the two fields is proportional to the product of the immediate current and voltage in the coils.

As a result of it, a lite weight aluminum disk rotates in an air gap. But there is a need to stop a disk when there is no power supply. A permanent magnet works as a brake which opposes the rotation of the disk and balances the speed of rotation with respect to power consumption.

Arrangement of Counting and Displaying the Energy Consumed:

In this system, the rotation of the floating disk has been counted and then displayed on the meter window. The aluminum disk is connected to a spindle which has a gear. This gear drives the register and the revolution of the disk has been counted and displayed on the register which has series of dials and each dial represent a single digit. There is a small display window in the front of the meter which displays the reading of energy consumed with the help of dials. There is a copper shading ring at the central limb of the shunt magnet. To make the phase angle between flux produced by shunt magnet and supply voltage about 900, small adjustments in the place of the ring is required.

Read for more about Energy Meters

Opal Isaac

countryelectric.biz

Electrical motor in general is an electro-mechanical device that converts energy from electrical domain to  mechanical domain. Based on the type of input we have classified it into single phase and 3 phase motors. Among 3 phase motors, induction motors and synchronous motors are more widely used. When a 3 phase electric conductors are placed in a certain geometrical positions (In certain angle from one another) then an electrical field is generated. Now the rotating magnetic field rotates at a certain speed, that speed is called synchronous speed. Now if an electromagnet is present in this rotating magnetic field, the electromagnet is magnetically locked with this rotating magnetic field and rotates with same speed of rotating field. Synchronous motors is called so because the speed of the rotor of this motor is same as the rotating magnetic field. It is basically a fixed speed motor because it has only one speed, which is synchronous speed and therefore no intermediate speed is there or in other words it’s in synchronism with the supply frequency.

Why is a synchronous motor not self starting?

At starting position of synchronous machine, the rotor could have any alternative position as shown here.

When rotor is initially at position (a):

The like pole of rotor will get repelled and the tendency of rotor will be to rotate in anticlockwise direction. But after some time the N-pole of rotor and S-pole of rotor comes face to face and will try to get attract with each other. Now, the tendency of rotor is to rotate in clockwise direction but the rotor have some mass and cannot attain such a high speed (synchronous speed) to that of stator’s rotating magnetic field. Hence, rotor remains at rest.

When rotor is initially at position (b):

Here, the unlike pole of rotor gets attracted but as explained earlier the rotor cannot attain synchronous speed immediately and remains at rest.

As a result, the average torque exerted on the rotor is zero. Due to the large inertia of the rotor, the rotor fails to rotate along with the stator poles. Hence again the difference of position of magnetic axis gets created and rotor gets subjected to quickly reversing torque. This is because the speed with which rotating magnetic field is rotating is so high that it is unable to rotate the rotor from its initial position, due to the inertia of the rotor. So under any case, whatever may be the starting position of the rotor, synchronous motor is not self starting.

Methods of Starting a Synchronous Motor

The synchronous machine, however, is not self-starting. The synchronous machine has to be rotated to near the synchronous speed of the stator before it can “catch” the stator field and begin rotating on its own. Basically there are three methods that are used to start a synchronous motor:

To reduce the speed of the rotating magnetic field of the stator to a low enough value that the rotor can easily accelerate and lock in with it during one half-cycle of the rotating magnetic field’s rotation. This is done by reducing the frequency of the applied electric power. This method is usually followed in the case of inverter-fed synchronous motor operating under variable speed drive applications.To use an external prime mover to accelerate the rotor of synchronous motor near to its synchronous speed and then supply the rotor as well as stator. Of course care should be taken to ensure that the direction of rotation of the rotor as well as that of the rotating magnetic field of the stator are the same. This method is usually followed in the laboratory- the synchronous machine is started as a generator and is then connected to the supply mains by following the synchronization or paralleling procedure. Then the power supply to the prime mover is disconnected so that the synchronous machine will continue to operate as a motor.To use damper windings or amortisseur windings if these are provided in the machine. The damper windings or amortisseur windings are provided in most of the large synchronous motors in order to nullify the oscillations of the rotor whenever the synchronous machine is subjected to a periodically varying load.

Each of these methods of starting a synchronous motor is described below in detail.

1. Motor Starting by Reducing the supply Frequency:

If the rotating magnetic field of the stator in a synchronous motor rotates at a low enough speed, there will be no problem for the rotor to accelerate and to lock in with the stator’s magnetic field.The speed of the stator magnetic field can then be increased to its rated operating speed by gradually increasing the supply frequency f up to its normal 50- or 60-Hz value. This approach to starting of synchronous motors makes a lot of sense, but there is a big problem: Where from can we get the variable frequency supply? The usual power supply systems generally regulate the frequency to be 50 or 60 Hz as the case may be. However, variable-frequency voltage source can be obtained from a dedicated generator only in the olden days and such a situation was obviously impractical except for very unusual or special drive applications.

But the present day solid state power converters offer an easy solution to this. We now have the rectifier- inverter and cyclo-converters, which can be used to convert a constant frequency AC supply to a variable frequency AC supply. With the development of such modern solid-state variable-frequency drive packages, it is thus possible to continuously control the frequency of the supply connected to the synchronous motor all the way from a fraction of a hertz up to and even above the normal rated frequency. If such a variable frequency drive unit is included in a motor-control circuit to achieve speed control, then starting the synchronous motor is very easy-simply adjust the frequency to a very low value for starting, and then raise it up to the desired operating frequency for normal running.

When a synchronous motor is operated at a speed lower than the rated speed, its internal generated voltage (usually called the counter EMF) EA = K_! will be smaller than normal. As such the terminal voltage applied to the motor must be reduced proportionally with the frequency in order to keep the stator current within the rated value. Generally, the voltage in any variable-frequency power supply varies roughly linearly with the output frequency.

2. Motor Starting with an External Motor:

The second method of starting a synchronous motor is to attach an external starting motor (pony motor) to it and bring the synchronous machine to near about its rated speed (but not exactly equal to it, as the synchronization process may fail to indicate the point of closure of the main switch connecting the synchronous machine to the supply system) with the pony motor. Then the output of the synchronous machine can be synchronized or paralleled with its power supply system as a generator, and the pony motor can be detached from the shaft of the machine or the supply to the pony motor can be disconnected. Once the pony motor is turned OFF, the shaft of the machine slows down, the speed of the rotor magnetic fieldBR falls behind Bnet, momentarily and the synchronous machine continues to operate as a motor. As soon as it begins to operate as a motor the synchronous motor can be loaded in the usual manner just like any motor.

This whole procedure is not as cumbersome as it sounds, since many synchronous motors are parts of motor-generator sets, and the synchronous machine in the motor-generator set may be started with the other machine serving as the starting motor. Moreover, the starting motor is required to overcome only the mechanical inertia of the synchronous machine without any mechanical load (load is attached only after the synchronous machine is paralleled to the power supply system). Since only the motor’s inertia must be overcome, the starting motor can have a much smaller rating than the synchronous motor it is going to start. Generally most of the large synchronous motors have brushless excitation systems mounted on their shafts. It is then possible to use these exciters as the starting motors. For many medium-size to large synchronous motors, an external starting motor or starting by using the exciter may be the only possible solution, because the power systems they are tied to may not be able to handle the starting currents needed to use the damper (amortisseur) winding approach described next.

3. Motor Starting by Using damper (Amortisseur) Winding:

As already mentioned earlier most of the large synchronous motors are provided with damper windings, in order to nullify the oscillations of the rotor whenever the synchronous machine is subjected to a periodically varying load. Damper windings are special bars laid into slots cut in the pole face of a synchronous machine and then shorted out on each end by a large shorting ring, similar to the squirrel cage rotor bars. A pole face with a set of damper windings is shown in Figure.

When the stator of such a synchronous machine is connected to the 3-Phase AC supply, the machine starts as a 3-Phase induction machine due to the presence of the damper bars, just like a squirrel cage induction motor. Just as in the case of a 3-Phase squirrel cage induction motor, the applied voltage must be suitably reduced so as to limit the starting current to the safe rated value. Once the motor picks up to a speed near about its synchronous speed, the DC supply to its field winding is connected and the synchronous motor pulls into step i.e. it continues to operate as a Synchronous motor running at its synchronous speed.

Opal Isaac

countryelectric.biz

Check These 7 Things Right Now to Prevent Electrical Fires at Your Home

Perhaps the most tragic thing about the 25,000+ home electrical fires in homes across the U.S. each year is that the vast majority of them could have been prevented if the right safety precautions had been taken. In most cases, these are very simple tips you can do right now. Just taking care to use your electrical devices, outlets, etc. correctly can drastically reduce your family’s chances of electrical fire tragedy, so please read these tips and go through your house and make sure everyone is following them today. And if you have any questions, contact our Northern Virginia electrician now at (703) 494-3989.

1. Don’t Overload Your Outlets

In other words, you don’t want extension cords to be a permanent solution to any situation in your home. Each outlet’s circuits were designed to convey a certain amount of electricity and overloading with extension cords and too many power strips does exactly that. This is one of the most common reasons for electrical fires, and it’s entirely preventable. Make sure your surge protectors have an internal circuit breaker that will cut power if it senses problems. If your family simply has too many gadgets that need plugging in at once, it’s probably time to install new outlets and wiring.  

2. Use Only GFCI Outlets Near Water

Kitchens, bathrooms, workshops with sinks and any outdoor outlet should be a “Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter” outlet. You’ve seen them—the sturdy looking outlets with three-pronged plug stations that have two buttons in between marked “Test” and “Reset”. These outlets are especially designed to cut the power supply if they sense moisture. If your kitchen, bathroom or any other room where water flows has an older style outlet without those buttons, contact Root Electric right away to have them replaced.

3. Keep Flammable Objects Away from Electrical Outlets and Cords

Avoid placing furniture, curtains, decorations, boxes or any other flammable item in front of (or too close to) an outlet. Most outlets generate an unnoticeable of heat, but if they’re overloaded (see step 1) or faulty in some other way, they could generate a lot more heat, cause sparks and then start a fire on whatever is closest to them. Don’t take that chance! In fact, regularly feel your outlets to see if they’re noticeably warm (they shouldn’t be). If they are, electrical repairs are in order.

Customer Testimonial

Very professional from the first contact by Bill Root through the free estimate and completion of the job. They kept the work area (my kitchen) very clean and made very few holes in the ceiling. My workmen included an apprentice. I think it is great that a company is assisting a young person to become a Master Electrician. I highly recommend Root Electric.

Chris R.

4. Unplug Small Devices and Appliances When Not in Use

According to some studies, the average family has at least 50 electrical devices or appliances plugged in at any one time. Of course, very few people unplug their entertainment systems when they leave the house, nor does it make sense to ever unplug the refrigerator. However, we do urge you to unplug things like the toaster and other small kitchen appliances before you leave each day. And never leave a space heater plugged in when you’re not there! Those are notorious for electrical fires! Same goes for electric, heated blankets. Try to get into the unplugging habit now, because those kitchen appliances cause a lot of fires when left plugged in and unattended. Unplug small appliances you use in the bathroom too. Also, you can actually save money on electricity by fully unplugging computers, printers and entertainment systems from the wall when you’re not at home because even in the “off” position, those things till suck power from the system and add up on your electrical bill.

5. Retire Older Appliances

We know, you like to squeeze every last moment of use out of any appliance you have, because they can be expensive! But these older, malfunctioning appliances can be some of the worst electrical-fire starters! So, if any of your appliances show the following signs of wear, dispose of them safely and get a newer, safer model ASAP:

Frayed electrical cords

Using it causes lights to flicker in the room, or to turn them off (we’re looking at you, old microwaves…)

Sparks when turning on

Excessive heat coming from the device

These are signs of an electrical fire disaster just waiting to happen, so don’t ignore them!

6. Limit the Use of Space Heaters

One of the leading causes of electrical fires is prolonged use of electric space heaters. We recommend that people limit the use of space heaters by only using them when the room is occupied. We also recommend running them at 1/2 power instead of full power. A space heater at 1/2 power will keep a room just as warm as full power, but without the risk of damage to the outlets or overloading the circuit.

7. Schedule a Regular Electrical Safety Inspection

In addition to these 5 things that you can go around your house and do right now (make it a family activity so everyone knows these safety tips), schedule a regular electrical safety and electrical building code inspection with your Northern Virginia electricians. If you have any concerns or questions, we can help you decide how to solve problems listed above, and we can also check your electrical panel, wiring and other areas that would not be safe for you to check on your own. Electrical safety inspections provide great peace of mind for you and your family, and add a little extra incentive to buyers if you’re trying to sell your home as well.

The Root Electric Team is obsessive about safety for our clients! If you have any concerns about the electricity in your home, please contact us immediately and we can help you! (703) 494-3989.

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Opal Isaac

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Saving Energy in Commercial Buildings: 7 Ways

Whether you’re a property manager or a business owner, you are likely always looking for ways improve efficiency and trim waste to boost the bottom line. One of the most important ways you can do this is to find ways how to save energy at the office. Not only will this help you reduce excessive electricity bills for your commercial buildings, but it will help your company achieve a lighter environmental footprint—something everyone can feel good about. So, evaluate all of your commercial properties and offices to see if you’re following these 7 tips to save electricity.

Note: if you’ve done all of these things to save energy in the office, but your commercial building electric bills still seem high,contact Root Electric. Your Northern Virginia commercial electrical contractor can evaluate your commercial building to find and fix problems that may be draining your energy budget: (703) 494-3989.

1. Fix and Upgrade the Lights

Upgrading your commercial building or office lighting systems, particularly if it’s been a few years and the lights flicker, is a critical way to slash your energy usage. In fact, it’s one of the most effective ways how to save energy at the office Just think: how many people in your buildings remember to turn off all the lights when they leave a room? When was the last time you had your commercial electrical contractor check whether your office buildings were using the most efficient lighting systems available at that time? Upgrading your office lighting to the latest, most efficient office lighting systems can save a massive amount of electricity and money:

First, install motion-sensitive lighting in areas that aren’t in constant use, like conference rooms, restrooms, parking areas and breakrooms. This removes the problem of forgetful team members not turning off the lights. After a certain amount of time without detecting any motion in a certain area, the system automatically shuts the lights off, thereby saving you up to 80 percent in lighting costs.

Also, switch to the most efficient commercial building lighting options. Upgrading to LED lights can reduce the lighting portion of your electric bills significantly—to the tune of at least 60 percent! And newer models of fluorescent lighting and UID lights have also improved in their energy savings as well.

LED lighting also lasts considerably longer and requires less maintenance over the long haul, so it’s a wise choice for many applications in your office and commercial buildings.

2. Take Advantage of Power Management Settings on Office Equipment

Make sure that you set all office computers, printers and other equipment to the most efficient energy saving modes available. You shouldn’t walk past a vacant computer and see a screensaver anymore – the black, quiet screen of energy savings is what you should see.

3. Don’t take Power Management Automation for Granted, However

As wonderfully simple as it is to set power management defaults for your office equipment and other electrical systems, it’s important to double check them on a regular basis as these controls can get reset or overridden from time to time. Set a reminder to check power saving settings throughout your commercial buildings and offices each month, and especially during seasonal changes, to make sure everything is set to the most energy-efficient setting on a regular basis.

4. Update Your Server Rooms

Server rooms are an essential these days, but with cloud data hosting becoming more secure and ubiquitous, many companies are seeing a huge energy savings by migrating at least some of their data to a cloud hosting system. If you’re not ready to make that step, consult with your IT manager to find other energy saving options like bumping up the inlet temperatures for your servers or improving air-flow management.

Customer Testimonial

Hi Bill,  I wanted to take a few minutes to say Thank You to you and your team. You all handled a rather tricky situation in a professional and respectful manner. In addition, your team members did an outstanding job. They were respectful, knowledgeable, and courteous – taking time to explain every aspect of the job to us. As a result, the work was completed to our specifications and without any surprises. We are customers for life! All the best to you and yours.

Steve R.

5. Keep Motors and HVAC Systems Maintained and Updated

Every year, it’s important to have your motors synchronized and HVAC systems checked to ensure they are operating at their most efficient capacities. When these systems are working harder than they need to, they can pose a considerable drain on your energy resources and jack up your electrical bills.

6. Adopt Energy-Saving Thermostat Settings

We’ve all been there: the office thermostat wars! Someone is always either too hot or too cold. To save energy, it’s important to have energy-efficient, programmable thermostats installed in your commercial buildings and to have management make the call on the most energy efficient settings at different times of the year. Encouraging employees who run hot to bring a small fan for their cubicle while encouraging employees who run cold to bring an extra layer simply makes good energy sense. You can’t keep everyone happy with the thermostat. And while you’re at it, make sure you’re not heating or cooling any rooms that don’t need it.

7. Call Your Commercial Electrician for an Energy Audit: (703) 494-3989

Root Electric’s premier commercial electrical services team can go through your commercial buildings to discover even more energy-saving opportunities for your office than these. Every office is unique, so a customized look around can help you discover other ways to save energy at the office that you may have overlooked before. Contact us today to schedule an energy-saving office evaluation: (703) 494-3989

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​Space Heater Safety Tips

Every winter, thousands of families experience a home fire because of incorrect space heater use. Very sadly, some people even die in these fires. So, please – before you plug in the space heater and turn it up full blast, read these tips and use yours safely. That way, you can stay warm and safe at the same time. If you have any questions or concerns, contact Root Electric at (703) 494-3989.

1. Check the Label for Independent Certification:

Before you buy a space heater, make sure to look carefully at the labels and packaging to see that the space heater has been safety certified by an independent testing body. For example, the UL, ETL or CSA are international testing organizations that are independent of the manufacturers. This type of testing and certification ensures that you don’t have to rely on the manufacturer to tell you their space heater has been tested for safety—independent testers have done this.

2. Follow Safety Precautions on the Label

First of all, don’t buy too small of a heater to heat a large room, and don’t get a huge heater for a small room. Buy one that fits the space you need to heat. Also, be aware that there are hundreds of different kind of space heaters—some use electricity, some use natural gas or propane. You’ll need to take specific safety precautions for each of these types of power. For example, never use an electric space heater in a damp room like a bathroom. For a gas or propane heater, if you smell gas, turn off the controls, open a window and leave the room. Don’t flip on any switches or light any matches.

3. Use Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Detectors

Regardless of whether you use space heaters or not, make sure your smoke detectors, fire alarms and carbon monoxide detectors have fresh batteries and are fully functional. Have them tested periodically, especially during the winter.

Customer Testimonial

I had several items to be done and all were done on a schedule easy for me to meet and all the work was done well. The technicians were very knowledgeable, courteous, and prompt. It was a very easy experience and I am very satisfied.

Ann W.

4. Look for Automatic Shut-Off Features

Newer models of space heaters have automatic shut-off features that will cut the power to the space heater if it tips over, senses moisture or that it’s overheating. And if you ever smell or see smoke or the lights flicker when you turn on the heater, turn it off and contact Root Electric for assistance.

5. Where to Put the Space Heater

Space-heater placement is also essential for safety. Make sure that you place your space heater on a level, hard, non-flammable floor, not a table or counter. Keep them well away from furniture, rugs, bedding and curtains (at least 3 feet). Don’t use space heaters in areas where you are using paint or flammable materials (workshops and garages). Also, don’t use space heaters in children’s bedrooms and keep pets and children away at all times.

6. Unplug when Unattended

Don’t use a space heater overnight or while you’re away from home. Turn off the controls and grasp the plug and pull straight out when unplugging (don’t yank the cord). Check the cord frequently for damage and do not plug space heaters into power strips – plug them directly into the wall outlet.

7. Space Heater Controls

Keep in mind that space heaters can draw a huge amount of power. So much so that if used incorrectly, they can trip circuits and use more power than your home is wired for. So instead of running it full power, run it at half power (750 watts, usually) so it won’t burn up your home’s electrical circuits.

If you have any questions or concerns about your space heater, please don’t hesitate to contact Root Electric in Northern Virginia for assistance. We can help you pick the right space heater for your space and let you know what power settings your home can handle. Most of all, we just want you and your family to be safe! So, call us: (703) 494-3989.

More Information:

Electrical safety tips for summerExtension Cords SafetyBill’s Safety Circuit – Food warmer trips circuit…

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More Articles About Home Electrical Improvement

Electrical Video FAQ – When to replace house electrical panel?Read More Electrical Home Safety InspectionsRead More Benefits of Using Recessed LightingRead More 

Did you miss our previous article…
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Opal Isaac

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